Subject Index
(Part of C++ FAQ Lite, Copyright © 1991-2000, Marshall Cline, cline@parashift.com)

"A" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• ABC (see also Inheritance) ... [22.2], [22.3]
• Access rules
  • protected: and private: inheritance ... [24.6]
  • protected: and private: members ... [19.5], [19.6]
• Acronyms ... [5.1]
• Ada vs. C++ ... [6.4]
• AFAICS (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• Aliasing
  • Aliasing of const and non-const pointers ... [18.9], [18.11], [18.12], [18.13]
  • References are aliases for objects ... [8.1], [8.5]
• All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) ... [27.5]
• ANSI ... [6.11]
  • ANSI C ... [6.10]
  • ANSI C++ ... [6.12]
  • ANSI C++ committee "X3J16" ... [6.11], [27.1]
• Arity ... [13.7]
• Arrays
  • Arrays are evil ... [16.16], [17.5], [31.1]
  • Specifying length at runtime ... [16.18]
• Artistic Style (see Pretty Printing) ... [35.2]
• Assignment operator ... [12]
  • Check for self-assignment ... [22.5], [25.9]
  • Return *this ... [25.9]
  • Self-assignment ... [12.1], [12.2], [12.3]
  • Use const in parameter ... [25.9]
• Associative array (see also STL) ... [31.2]
• Associativity ... [13.7]
• Author (see also C++ FAQ Lite) ... [1.1]
• auto_ptr ... [17.4]

"B" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Backtracking ... [5.3]
• bad_alloc (see also std::bad_alloc) ... [16.5], [16.6]
• Bag of Apple vs. of Fruit ... [21.3]
• Base class ... [19.3]
• Beautifier, Code (see Pretty printing) ... [35.2]
• Beginners books ... [26.8]
• Big Picture issues (see Managerial issues) ... [6]
• Big Three, Law of ... [16.16], [22.5], [25.9]
• Binary compatibility between vendors ... [33.8]
• Binding: Static vs. dynamic ... [20.2], [20.3]
• Book (see C++ FAQ Book) ... [3]
• Books on C++ ... [26]
• Books
  • Beginners ... [26.8]
  • Design ... [26.7]
  • Legality issues of C++ ... [26.4], [26.6]
  • Morality issues of C++ ... [26.4], [26.5]
• BTW (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• Business criteria dominate technical criteria ... [6.4]

"C" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• C++2LaTeX (see Pretty printing) ... [35.2]
• C++ books ... [26]
• C++ compiler
  • Free ... [33.1]
  • List of vendors ... [33.5]
• C++ FAQ Book ... [3]
  • Is much bigger than this Lite document ... [3.2]
  • ISBN ... [3.1]
  • Not same as the on-line ("Lite") document ... [3.2]
  • URL for Amazon.com ... [3.1]
• C++ FAQ Lite ... [3]
  • Author ... [1.1]
  • Availability on-line ... [2]
  • Book is much bigger ... [3.2]
  • Chinese translation ... [2.5]
  • Copy permissions ... [1]
  • Copying permissions ... [1.3]
  • Copyright notice ... [1.2]
  • Downloading ... [2.2], [2.3], [2.4]
  • French translation ... [2.7]
  • HTML version ... [2.2]
  • Mirror WWW sites ... [2.1]
  • No Warranty ... [1.4]
  • Not same as C++ FAQ Book ... [1.6], [3.2]
  • Plaintext version ... [2.3], [2.4]
  • Portuguese translation ... [2.6]
  • Recent changes ... [4]
• C language
  • Accessing C++ data members from C ... [29.9]
  • C++ backward compatibility ... [6.10]
  • C++ is higher level than C ... [29.10]
  • C++ requires different skills/insights ... [31.1]
  • C vs. C++ ... [6.4]
  • Calling C from C++ ... [29.5]
  • Calling C++ from C ... [29.6]
  • Coding standards different from C++ ... [25.3], [31.1]
  • Common linker errors ... [23.4], [29.7]
  • __cplusplus ... [29.4]
  • extern C ... [29.3]
  • Including C headers ... [29.2], [29.3], [29.4]
  • Linking must be directed by C++ ... [29.1]
  • main() must be compiled using C++ ... [29.1]
  • Mixing C and C++ code ... [29]
  • Newsgroup comp.lang.c ... [5.8]
  • Not an efficient way to learn OO/C++ ... [26.2], [31.1]
  • Passing C++ objects to C code ... [29.8], [29.9]
  • static at file-scope ... [7.5]
• C++ Libraries FAQ ... [32.9]
• Cache Misses
  • Avoiding with a Matrix class ... [13.9]
  • Striding the cache ... [13.9]
• Changes to this document (see also C++ FAQ Lite) ... [4]
• char*: Use a string-like class instead ... [13.6], [17.5]
• Chinese translation of this document ... [2.5]
• Circles vs. Ellipses ... [21.6], [21.7], [21.8], [21.9], [21.10]
• Circular dependencies ... [34.9]
• class ... [7.1], [7.8]
• clone() methods ... [16.22], [20.5], [22.5]
• Coding standards ... [25]
  • Assignment operators check assignment-to-self ... [12.1], [25.9]
  • Assignment operators return *this ... [25.9]
  • Assignment operators use const ... [25.9]
  • Avoid arrays whenever possible ... [21.5], [31.1]
  • Avoid dynamically typed libraries ... [32.5]
  • Avoid global variables ... [34.5]
  • Avoid hiding nested identifiers ... [34.5]
  • Bloodshed, Jihads, and Heat vs. Light ... [25.1]
  • Coding standards are never sufficient ... [25.2]
  • Coding standards are sometimes necessary ... [25.2]
  • const_cast ... [18.10]
  • Copy constructors use const ... [25.9]
  • Declare near first use ... [25.6]
  • Design classes from the outside-in ... [13.10]
  • Don't base C++ standards on C standards ... [25.3], [31.1]
  • Don't test for NULL after new ... [16.5]
  • Don't test for NULL before delete ... [16.7]
  • Explicitly calling destructors (Don't!) ... [11.5], [11.6], [11.9]
  • Explicitly calling destructors (OK sometimes) ... [11.10]
  • Header filename extensions ... [25.8]
  • Identifier naming conventions ... [25.10]
  • Initialization lists ... [10.6], [25.9]
  • Law of the Big Three ... [16.16], [25.9]
  • Macros that contain if ... [34.1]
  • Macros that contain multiple lines ... [34.2]
  • Macros that contain token pasting ... [34.3]
  • Operator overloading ... [25.9]
  • Source filename extensions ... [25.7]
  • static at file-scope (Don't!) ... [7.5]
  • The Ellemtel coding guidelines ... [25.11]
  • Todd Hoff's coding guidelines ... [25.11]
  • Use a std::string object rather than a char* ... [13.6], [17.5]
  • Use delete[] for arrays ... [16.11]
  • Use of the ternary ?: operator ... [25.5]
  • virtual destructors ... [20.4], [25.9]
• Column-major order ... [13.9]
• Combinations ... [5.3]
• Committee Draft (CD) for ANSI/ISO C++ ... [6.12]
• Compatibility, Binary ... [33.8]
• Compiler dependencies ... [33], [33.5]
• Composition
  • Benefits compared to freestore ... [28.4], [28.5]
  • Compared with private inheritance ... [24.2]
  • Criteria for composition vs. private inheritance ... [24.3]
  • Inlining virtual functions ... [28.5], [28.6]
• Conservative garbage collectors ... [16.24]
• const_cast ... [18.10]
• Const correctness ... [18], [18.1]
  • A form of type safety ... [18.2]
  • Aliasing of const and non-const pointers ... [18.12]
  • Coding standards concerning ... [25.9], [25.9]
  • const_cast ... [18.10], [18.11]
  • const member functions ... [18.9]
  • Fred& const x is nonsense ... [18.7]
  • Fred const& x — use const Fred& x instead ... [18.8]
  • Immutable (const) pointers ... [18.5]
  • mutable ... [18.10]
  • Pointer-to-const ... [18.4], [18.5]
  • Pointer-to-const aliasing ... [18.13]
  • Reference-to-const ... [18.6]
  • Retrofitting const correctness is hard ... [18.3]
• Construct On First Use Idiom ... [10.12], [10.13]
• Constructors ... [10], [16.9]
  • Build objects from dust ... [10.1]
  • Calling a virtual from ... [23.1]
  • Calling another constructor ... [10.3]
  • Coding standards re. copy constructor ... [25.9]
  • Default constructors ... [10.4], [10.5]
  • Init methods ... [10.3]
  • Initialization coding standard ... [10.6], [25.9]
  • Initialization of static data ... [10.11], [10.12], [10.13]
  • Member objects should be self-managing ... [17.4]
  • Named Constructor Idiom ... [10.8], [16.19], [16.22]
  • Throwing exceptions ... [17.2]
  • Using this within ... [10.7]
  • Virtual Constructor Idiom ... [16.22], [20.5], [22.5]
• Containers ... [31]
  • Container of Thing vs. of Anything ... [21.4]
  • Heterogeneous ... [31.3]
  • Iterators ... [31.4]
• Copy constructors
  • Should use const ... [25.9]
• Copy on write (see Reference counting) ... [16.21], [16.22]
• Copy semantics (see also Value semantics) ... [28.1]
• Copying permissions (see also C++ FAQ Lite) ... [1], [1.3]
• Copyright notice (see also C++ FAQ Lite) ... [1.2]
• CORBA FAQ
  • HTML version ... [2.4]
• Covariant Return Types ... [20.5]
• Crash at runtime without any warning ... [11.5], [11.6], [16.2], [16.4], [16.11], [16.12], [17.5], [20.4], [21.1], [21.4], [21.5], [31.1], [34.5]
• create() methods (see Named Constructor Idiom) ... [10.8], [16.19], [16.22]
• cstdio header ... [15.1]
• Ctor (see also Constructors) ... [10]

"D" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Dangerous programming practices ... [11.5], [11.6], [11.10], [13.6], [16.2], [16.4], [16.11], [16.12], [16.16], [17.5], [20.4], [21.1], [21.4], [21.5], [23.3], [31.1], [34.5]
• Dangling else problems ... [34.1]
• Declarations
  • Declare near first use ... [25.6]
  • List x(); declares a function, not an object ... [10.2]
• Decompiling executables back into C++ source code ... [33.4]
• Default parameters ... [10.3]
• #define macros
  • Evil! ... [9.3], [27.3], [34.1], [34.2], [34.3]
  • Evil but sometimes useful ... [29.4], [30.5], [30.6]
  • See also Inline functions ... [9.1], [9.3], [26.2], [27.3], [29.4], [30.5], [30.6]
  • with if ... [34.1]
  • with multiple lines ... [34.2]
  • with token pasting ... [34.3]
• delete ... [16.1]
  • delete p actually deletes *p, not p ... [16.1]
  • delete this ... [16.14]
  • delete[] uses magic ... [16.13], [33.6], [33.7]
  • delete[] vs. delete ... [16.11]
  • delete[] vs. delete for builtin types ... [16.12]
  • Deleting an array with delete[] ... [16.10]
  • Mixing with malloc() ... [16.2]
• Derived classes ... [19.3]
  • Can access protected parts of Base ... [19.7]
  • Can't access private parts of Base ... [19.6]
  • Derived* to Base* conversion ... [19.4], [21.2]
  • Derived** to Base** conversion (invalid) ... [21.2]
  • Derived* to private Base* conversion (invalid) ... [24.4]
• Design books ... [26.7]
• Destructors ... [11], [16.8], [16.13], [33.6], [33.7]
  • Base class subobjects are automagically destructed ... [11.12]
  • Calling a virtual from ... [23.1]
  • Can't be overloaded ... [11.4]
  • Coding standards concerning ... [25.9]
  • Controlling lifetimes of locals ... [11.6], [11.7], [11.8]
  • Explicitly calling them (Don't!) ... [11.5], [11.6], [11.9]
  • Explicitly calling them (OK sometimes) ... [11.10]
  • Last rites ... [11.1]
  • Member objects are automagically destructed ... [11.11]
  • Order of destruction for array elements ... [11.3]
  • Order of destruction for locals ... [11.2]
  • Throwing an exception from (beware!) ... [11.13], [17.3]
  • virtual destructor coding standard ... [20.4]
• Dijkstra ... [5.3]
• Directory separator: use "/", not "\" ... [15.11], [34.4]
• Downloading
  • HTML version of C++ FAQ Lite ... [2.2]
  • HTML version of this document ... [2.1]
  • Plaintext version of C++ FAQ Lite ... [2.3]
  • Why it's done via email ... [2.4]
• Dtor (see also Destructors) ... [11]
• Dynamic
  • Dynamic binding ... [6.7], [20.2], [20.3]
  • dynamic_cast ... [31.3]
  • Dynamic length arrays ... [16.18]
  • Dynamic typing ... [20.2], [27.2], [27.3], [32.5], [32.6]

"E" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Ellemtel coding guidelines (see also Coding standards) ... [25.11]
• Ellipses vs. Circles ... [21.6], [21.7], [21.8], [21.9], [21.10]
• Encapsulation ... [6.7], [7]
  • Definition ... [7.4]
  • Hides stuff from code, not from people ... [7.6]
  • Not necessarily violated by friends ... [14.2]
  • Security vs. Encapsulation ... [7.7]
• End-of-file (see Input/output) ... [15.2], [15.4]
• Equation parsing in C++ ... [5.3]
• Error codes (AKA "Return codes") ... [17.1], [17.2]
• Etiquette (see also Netiquette) ... [5]
• Evil things
  • Macros ... [9.3], [27.3], [34.1], [34.2], [34.3]
• Exceptions ... [17]
  • Compared to return-codes and if ... [17.1]
  • Constructors can throw exceptions ... [17.2]
  • Destructors ... [11.13], [17.3]
  • Eliminate some if statements ... [17.1]
  • Example of throw; to re-throw current exception ... [16.9], [17.5], [33.6], [33.7]
  • Example of try ... catch ... [16.9], [17.5], [33.6], [33.7]
  • Member objects should be self-managing ... [17.4]
  • Stack unwinding ... [11.13], [17.3]
• Executables — decompiling back to C++ source code ... [33.4]
• extern C (see also C language) ... [29], [29.3]

"F" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Features of C++ from a business perspective ... [6.7]
• Filenames
  • Extensions for header files ... [25.8]
  • Extensions for source code files ... [25.7]
  • Using "/" rather than "\" for directories ... [15.11], [34.4]
• find_if (see also std::find_if) ... [32.3]
• Floating point ... [34.8], [35.5]
• for loop ... [34.5]
• FORTRAN vs. C++ ... [6.4]
• Forward declarations ... [34.9]
  • Inline functions ... [34.11]
  • Member object containment ... [34.10]
  • Templates ... [34.12]
• Free C++ compiler ... [33.1]
• free() (see also Freestore) ... [16.2]
• Freestore ... [16]
  • Allocating an array with new T[n] ... [16.10]
  • Automating a NULL test ... [16.6]
  • delete handles NULL automatically ... [16.7]
  • delete has two steps ... [16.8]
  • delete this ... [16.14]
  • delete[] uses magic ... [16.13], [33.6], [33.7]
  • delete[] vs. delete ... [16.11]
  • delete[] vs. delete for builtin types ... [16.12]
  • Deleting an array with delete[] ... [16.10]
  • Garbage collectors ... [16.23], [16.24], [16.25]
  • Mixing malloc() and delete ... [16.2]
  • Mixing new and free() ... [16.2]
  • Multi-dimensional arrays ... [16.15], [16.16]
  • new has two steps ... [16.9]
  • new never returns NULL ... [16.5]
  • Placement new ... [11.10], [16.9]
  • Prohibiting local objects ... [16.19]
  • realloc() ... [16.4]
  • Reference counting ... [16.20], [16.21], [16.22]
  • Runtime costs of heap ... [28.4], [28.5]
  • std::bad_alloc ... [16.5], [16.6]
  • std::set_new_handler ... [16.6]
  • Why use new rather than malloc() ... [16.3]
• French translation of this document ... [2.7]
• Friends ... [14]
  • Are not evil ... [15.7]
  • Choosing between members and friends ... [14.5]
  • Definition of friend ... [14.1]
  • friend doesn't necessarily violate encapsulation ... [14.2]
  • Friendship privileges aren't inherited ... [14.4]
  • Friendship privileges aren't transitive ... [14.4]
  • Pros and cons of friends ... [14.3]
  • std::istream operator>> ... [15.8]
  • std::ostream operator<< ... [15.6], [15.7]
  • std::ostream operator<< (virtual) ... [15.9]
  • Virtual Friend Function Idiom ... [14.3], [15.9]
• From: line of a posting (see also Netiquette) ... [5.4]
• FTP sites
  • 128.231.128.7 ... [32.6]
  • butler.hpl.hp.com ... [32.2]
  • ftp.cs.rpi.edu ... [32.2]
  • ftp.cygnus.com ... [6.12]
  • ftp.germany.eu.net ... [35.2]
  • ftp.maths.warwick.ac.uk ... [6.12]
  • ftp.netlab.cs.rpi.edu ... [35.4]
  • ftp.research.att.com ... [6.12]
  • ftp.tex.ac.uk ... [35.2]
  • garbo.uwasa.fi ... [5.8]
  • oak.oakland.edu ... [5.8]
  • rtfm.mit.edu ... [5.9]
  • venus.ycc.yale.edu ... [35.2]
  • www.cs.rpi.edu ... [32.2]
  • www.cygnus.com ... [35.2]
  • www.maths.warwick.ac.uk ... [32.2]
• FWIW (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• FYI (Acronym) ... [5.1]

"G" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Garbage collector ... [16.23]
  • Conservative ... [16.24]
  • Hybrid ... [16.24]
  • Web sites ... [16.25]
• Generalization (see also Inheritance) ... [19.3]
• Genericity (see also Templates) ... [31.9]
• Global variables: Just Say No! ... [34.5]
• GNU
  • emacs ... [35.3]
  • g++ ... [5.8]
• Graphics ... [5.8]
• grind (see Pretty printing) ... [35.2]

"H" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Has-a (see also Composition) ... [19.2], [24.2]
• Header files
  • Filename extensions ... [25.8]
  • Standard headers ... [25.4]
• Heap-sort ... [5.3]
• Heat vs. light ... [25.1]
• Heterogeneous containers ... [31.3]
• Hiding inherited public features ... [21.1], [21.6], [21.7], [21.8], [21.9]
• Hiding rule ... [23.3]
• Homework problems ... [5.2], [5.3]
• Homogeneous containers ... [31.3]
• Hostility ... [29.10]
• How to learn OO/C++ ... [26]
• HTML version of C++ FAQ Lite ... [2.2]
• HTML version of the CORBA FAQ ... [2.4]
• Hybrid garbage collectors ... [16.24]
• Hybrid OO programming languages ... [26.3]
• Hype ... [6.3]

"I" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Idioms
  • Construct On First Use Idiom ... [10.12], [10.13]
  • Named Constructor Idiom ... [10.8], [16.19], [16.22]
  • Virtual Constructor Idiom ... [16.22], [20.5], [22.5]
  • Virtual Friend Function Idiom ... [15.9]
• if
  • Some are eliminated by try / catch / throw ... [17.1]
  • Unnecessary ifs increase bugs, cost, time-to-market ... [17.1]
  • within macros ... [34.1]
• IMAO (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• IMHO (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• Immutable (const) pointers ... [18.5]
• IMNSHO (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• IMO (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• Imperfect programming languages ... [6.2]
• #include
  • Including C headers ... [29.2], [29.3], [29.4]
  • Use forward slash "/", not backslash "\" ... [34.4]
• indent (see Pretty printing) ... [35.2]
• Indirection, Extra layers of ... [28.5]
• Infix operators ... [5.3]
• Inheritance ... [6.7], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]
  • Abstract base classes (ABCs) ... [22], [22.2], [22.3]
  • Access of private: by derived ... [19.6]
  • Access of protected: and private: ... [19.5]
  • Access of protected: by derived ... [19.7]
  • Array of Derived vs. of Base ... [21.4]
  • Calling virtuals from constructors ... [23.1]
  • Circle vs. Ellipse ... [21.6], [21.7], [21.8], [21.9], [21.10]
  • Derived* to Base* conversion ... [19.4], [21.2]
  • Derived** to Base** conversion (invalid) ... [21.2]
  • Derived* to private Base* conversion (invalid) ... [24.4]
  • Differences between C++ and Smalltalk inheritance ... [27.4]
  • Hiding inherited public features ... [21.1]
  • Hiding rule ... [23.3]
  • How to code inheritance ... [19.3]
  • Importance of inheritance ... [19.1]
  • Is-a-kind-of ... [19.2]
  • Multiple inheritance ... [6.7], [11.12], [24.2], [29.8], [29.9], [33.8], [33.11]
  • Old code calls new code ... [6.9]
  • Parking-lot of Car vs. of Vehicle ... [21.3]
  • private inheritance ... [24], [24.1]
  • private inheritance access rules ... [24.6]
  • private inheritance vs. composition ... [24.2], [24.3]
  • protected inheritance access rules ... [24.6]
  • protected vs. private inheritance ... [24.5]
  • Pure virtual functions ... [22.4]
  • Redefining non-virtuals ... [23.2]
  • Smalltalk differences ... [27.5]
  • Specification device ... [19.2]
  • virtual constructors ... [16.22], [20.5], [22.5]
  • virtual data ... [28.2], [28.3]
  • virtual destructor coding standard ... [20.4]
  • virtual functions ... [20.1]
  • virtual functions are central to OO ... [6.8]
  • virtual inheritance ... [11.12], [29.8], [29.9], [33.8], [33.11]
  • What your Mother didn't tell you ... [23]
  • When to use inheritance ... [19.2]
• Initialization lists (see also Coding standards) ... [10.6], [25.9]
• Initialization of a static member datum ... [10.9], [10.10], [10.11], [10.12], [10.13]
• Inline functions ... [9]
  • Better than #define macros ... [9.3]
  • Can degrade performance ... [9.7]
  • Defined outside class body ... [9.5]
  • Defined within class body ... [9.6]
  • Forward declarations ... [34.11]
  • Inlining virtual functions ... [28.5], [28.6]
  • Like a #define macro ... [9.1]
  • Member functions ... [9.5]
  • Non-member functions ... [9.4]
  • Safety without loss of speed ... [6.7], [9.2]
• Input/output ... [15]
  • Binary mode on MS-DOS ... [15.10]
  • std::istream and eof ... [15.2], [15.4]
  • std::istream and if (std::cin >> foo) ... [15.13]
  • std::istream and if (std::cout << foo) ... [15.12]
  • std::istream and invalid input characters ... [15.2]
  • std::istream and while (std::cin >> foo) ... [15.3]
  • std::istream operator>> ... [15.8]
  • std::istream remembers bad state ... [15.5]
  • std::ostream operator<< ... [15.6], [15.7]
  • std::ostream operator<< (virtual) ... [15.9]
• Inspector methods ... [18.9]
• Installed base of C++: size ... [6.5], [6.7]
• Interfaces
  • A simplified view in the user's vocabulary ... [7.3]
  • Abstract base classes (ABCs) ... [22.2]
  • Design interfaces from the outside-in ... [13.10]
  • Goal of interface design ... [7.4]
  • More valuable than implementation ... [22.1]
  • protected interface ... [19.7]
  • Separate from implementation ... [22.2]
• Intuition isn't always correct ... [21.3], [21.4], [21.6], [21.7], [21.8], [21.9]
• Invalid input characters (see Input/output) ... [15.2]
• iostream.h (see "iostream header") ... [15.1]
• iostream header ... [15.1]
• Is-a-kind-of (see also Inheritance) ... [19.2]
• ISO ... [6.11]
  • ISO C ... [6.10]
  • ISO C++ ... [6.12]
  • ISO C++ committee "WG21" ... [6.11]
• istringstream ... [15.13]
• Iterators ... [31.4]

"J" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Java vs. C++ ... [6.4]

"K" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Kind-of (see also Inheritance) ... [19.2]
• Kruskal ... [5.3]
• KUTGW (Acronym) ... [5.1]

"L" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Language wars ... [6.4]
• Large executables ... [32.8], [33.9]
• Last rites (see also Destructors) ... [11.1]
• LaTeX
  • C++2LaTeX pretty printer ... [35.2]
  • Macros for "C++" ... [35.1]
• Law of the Big Three ... [16.16], [22.5], [25.9]
• Layer of indirection ... [28.5]
• Learning OO/C++ ... [26]
• Learning OO/C++
  • How long does it take ... [6.6]
  • No need to learn C first ... [26.2]
  • No need to learn Smalltalk first ... [26.3]
• Legal mumbo jumbo
  • Author ... [1.1]
  • Copying permissions ... [1.3]
  • Copyright notice ... [1.2]
  • No Warranty ... [1.4]
  • Trademarks ... [1.5]
• Legality books on C++ ... [26.4], [26.6]
• Length of time needed to learn OO/C++ ... [6.6]
• lgrind (see Pretty printing) ... [35.2]
• Libraries FAQ ... [32.9]
• Libraries ... [32]
  • Dynamically typed C++ libraries ... [32.5], [32.6]
  • Large executables ... [32.8], [33.9]
  • Numerical Recepies ... [32.7]
  • STL ... [32.1], [32.2], [32.4]
• Lifetime of objects
  • Controlling lifetime of locals ... [11.6], [11.7], [11.8]
  • In heterogeneous containers ... [31.3]
  • Order of destruction for array elements ... [11.3]
  • Order of destruction for locals ... [11.2]
  • Register liveness ... [28.5]
  • Rule for for loop variables ... [34.5]
  • Using friend classes to achieve separate lifetimes ... [14.2]
• Linker errors ... [10.10], [23.4], [29.7], [35.5]
• Logical Interface different from Physical Layout ... [13.9]

"M" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Macros (see also #define macros) ... [9.3]
• malloc()
  • (See also Freestore) ... [16.2]
  • Why new is preferred over malloc() ... [16.3]
• Managerial issues ... [6]
  • Business-centricity vs. Techno-centricity ... [6.4]
  • C++ is a practical tool ... [6.1]
  • C++ is not a perfect tool ... [6.2]
  • Length of time needed to learn OO/C++ ... [6.6]
  • Size of the installed base ... [6.5]
  • Some advantages of OO ... [6.3]
  • Standardization of C++ ... [6.11], [6.12]
• map<Key,Value> (see also std::map<Key,Value>) ... [31.2]
• Maseratti ... [27.5]
• Matrix subscript operator ... [13.8], [13.9]
• Member object containment ... [34.10]
• Mentoring ... [6.6], [26.1]
• Merge-sort ... [5.3]
• MFC
  • FAQ ... [33.2]
  • Status bar ... [33.3]
• Microsoft Windows ... [5.8], [15.10], [35.4]
• Minimum Spanning Trees in C++ ... [5.3]
• Mirror sites (see also This document) ... [2]
• Mixing
  • Mixing C and C++ code (see also C language) ... [29]
  • Mixing malloc() and delete ... [16.2]
  • Mixing new and free() ... [16.2]
• Monolithic class hierarchies ... [32.5], [32.6]
• Morality books on C++ ... [26.4], [26.5]
• MS-DOS ... [5.8], [15.10], [35.4]
• Multi-dimensional arrays
  • Using pointers ... [16.15]
  • Using specific classes ... [16.16]
  • Using templates ... [16.17]
• Multiple
  • Multiple encapsulated instances ... [6.7], [7.5], [31.4]
  • Multiple inheritance ... [6.7], [11.12], [24.2], [29.8], [29.9], [33.8], [33.11]
• mutable ... [18.10]
• Mutator methods ... [18.9]
• MYOB (Acronym) ... [5.1]

"N" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• "name2()" macro for token pasting ... [34.3]
• Named Constructor Idiom ... [10.8], [16.19], [16.22]
• NCITS ... [6.12]
• Netiquette ... [5]
  • From: line of a posting ... [5.4]
  • General netiquette ... [5.4]
  • Getting and reading other FAQs ... [5.9]
  • Posting code ... [5.7]
  • Reply-to: line of a posting ... [5.4]
  • Selecting an appropriate newsgroup ... [5.8]
  • Subject: line of a posting ... [5.6]
• new
  • Advantages over malloc() ... [16.3]
  • Allocating an array with new T[n] ... [16.10]
  • Mixing with free() ... [16.2]
  • (See also Freestore) ... [16.1]
• New handler (see also Freestore) ... [16.6]
• Newsgroups
  • comp.graphics ... [5.8]
  • comp.lang.c ... [5.8]
  • comp.lang.c++ ... [5.8]
  • comp.lang.c++.moderated ... [5.8]
  • comp.object ... [5.8]
  • comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.misc ... [5.8]
  • comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.tools.* ... [5.8]
  • comp.os.msdos.programmer ... [5.8], [35.4]
  • comp.os.msdos.programmer.turbovision ... [5.8]
  • comp.programming ... [5.8]
  • comp.sources.wanted ... [5.8]
  • comp.std.c++ ... [5.8]
  • comp.sys.mac.oop.* ... [5.8]
  • comp.sys.mac.programmer.* ... [5.8]
  • comp.unix.programmer ... [5.8], [35.4]
  • comp.unix.solaris ... [5.8]
  • comp.windows.ms.programmer ... [35.4]
  • gnu.g++.bug ... [5.8]
  • gnu.g++.help ... [5.8]
• NIHCL (National Institute of Heath Class Library) ... [32.6]
• No Warranty (see also C++ FAQ Lite) ... [1.4]
• Nuclear submarine ... [21.2]
• NULL ... [16.5], [16.6]
• Numerical Recepies code ... [32.7]

"O" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Object ... [7.2]
• Object-oriented: So what? ... [6.3]
• Old code calls new code ... [6.9]
• OO design books ... [26.7]
• ?: operator ... [25.5]
• operator<< ... [15.12]
• operator>> ... [15.3], [15.13]
• Operator ?: ... [25.5]
• Operator overloading ... [6.7], [13]
  • Assignment operator ... [12], [22.5]
  • Can't invent new operators ... [13.7]
  • Can't replace behavior on builtins ... [13.6]
  • Coding standards ... [25.9]
  • Does help the users of a class ... [13.2]
  • Does not help the developer of a class ... [13.4]
  • Examples ... [13.3]
  • operator!= ... [13.10]
  • operator() ... [13.8], [13.9]
  • operator++ ... [13.10]
  • operator[] ... [13.8], [13.9]
  • operator delete(void*) ... [16.8], [16.11]
  • operator delete[](void*) ... [16.11]
  • operator* (dereference operator) ... [13.10]
  • operator new(size_t) ... [16.9]
  • operator>> (std::istream input) ... [15.3], [15.8], [15.13]
  • operator<< (std::ostream output) ... [15.6], [15.7], [15.12]
  • operator<< (std::ostream output; virtual) ... [15.9]
  • Purpose of operator overloading ... [13.1]
  • Self-assignment ... [12.1], [12.2], [12.3]
  • Which operators can be overloaded ... [13.5]
• Optimization
  • const_cast ... [18.11]
• Order of static constructors ... [10.11], [10.12], [10.13]
• OS/2 ... [15.10]
• ostringstream ... [15.12]
• OTOH (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• Overloading
  • Can't overload by return type ... [34.6]
  • Operators (see Operator overloading) ... [6.7]

"P" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Paradigm shifts ... [6.6], [29.10]
• Parameterized types (see also Templates) ... [31.8]
• Parking lots ... [21.3]
• Part-of (see also Composition) ... [19.2], [24.2]
• Pascal vs. C++ ... [6.4]
• Passing parameters
  • By pointer ... [8.1]
  • By reference ... [8.1], [28.8]
  • By value ... [28.8]
• Perfect programming languages ... [6.2]
• Permissions to copy this document ... [1]
• Permutations ... [5.3]
• Persistence ... [32.5], [32.6], [34.7]
• Physical Layout different from Logical Interface ... [13.9]
• Placement new ... [16.9]
• Plaintext version of C++ FAQ Lite ... [2.3], [2.4]
• Pointer semantics (see also Reference semantics) ... [28.1]
• Pointer-to-const ... [18.4], [18.5], [18.13]
• Pointer to function (see Pointer to member) ... [30.1]
• Pointer to member ... [30]
  • Address of a C++ method ... [30.4]
  • Array of pointer-to-member ... [30.6]
  • Contrast to pointer-to-function ... [30.1]
  • Converting to pointer-to-function ... [30.2], [30.3]
  • Passing as pointer-to-function ... [30.2]
• Polymorphism ... [6.7], [20.2]
• Portuguese translation of this document ... [2.6]
• Postfix operators ... [5.3]
• Posting code (see also Netiquette) ... [5.7]
• Pragmatics ... [6.1]
• Precidence ... [13.7]
• Prepare to die! (see also Destructors) ... [11.1]
• Pretty printing
  • Artistic Style ... [35.2]
  • C++2LaTeX ... [35.2]
  • C-Clearly ... [35.2]
  • GNU indent ... [35.2]
  • tgrind ... [35.2]
• Prim ... [5.3]
• printOn() method called by operator<< ... [15.7]
• private inheritance ... [24], [24.1]
  • Access rules ... [24.6]
  • Compared with composition ... [24.2]
  • Criteria for private inheritance vs. composition ... [24.3]
  • Derived* to private Base* conversion (invalid) ... [24.4]
  • private vs. protected inheritance ... [24.5]
• private: members ... [19.5], [19.6]
• Proficiency in OO/C++: How long does it take ... [6.6]
• protected inheritance
  • Access rules ... [24.6]
  • protected vs. private inheritance ... [24.5]
• protected: members ... [19.5]
  • The protected: interface ... [19.7]
• public: inheritance ... [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]
• public: members ... [19.5]
  • The public: interface ... [19.7]
• Pure OO programming languages ... [26.3]
• Pure virtual functions ... [22.3], [22.4]

"Q" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Quick-sort ... [5.3]

"R" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• realloc() (see also Freestore) ... [16.4]
• Recent changes to this document (see also C++ FAQ Lite) ... [4]
• Redefining non-virtuals ... [23.2]
• Reference counting
  • Copy on write ... [16.21], [16.22]
  • Pointer semantics ... [16.20]
  • Reference semantics ... [16.21]
  • Reference semantics for a hierarchy ... [16.22]
• Reference semantics ... [28], [28.7], [28.8]
• References ... [8]
  • Assigning a reference ... [8.2]
  • References to const ... [18.1], [18.6]
  • References vs. pointers ... [8.5]
  • Reseating a reference ... [8.4], [18.7], [18.8]
  • Returning a reference ... [8.3]
• Referent ... [8.2], [8.4], [28.2]
• Reply-to: line of a posting (see also Netiquette) ... [5.4]
• Return codes
  • Can't be used from constructors ... [17.2]
  • Using try / catch / throw instead ... [17.1]
• Return type ... [34.6]
• Row-major order ... [13.9]
• RTFM (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• rtfm.mit.edu ... [5.9]
• Runtime crashes without any warning ... [11.5], [11.6], [16.2], [16.4], [16.11], [16.12], [17.5], [20.4], [21.1], [21.4], [21.5], [31.1], [34.5]

"S" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Security vs. Encapsulation (see also Encapsulation) ... [7.7]
• Self-assignment ... [12.1], [12.2], [12.3], [25.9]
• Self-cleaning member objects ... [17.4]
• set_new_handler (see also Freestore) ... [16.6]
• Short-courses (one 40 hour workweek) ... [6.6]
• Shortest path in C++ ... [5.3]
• Size of the C++ installed base ... [6.5], [6.7]
• Smalltalk ... [27]
  • Differences with C++ ... [27.1]
  • Dynamic type checking ... [27.2]
  • Inheritance differences ... [27.4], [27.5]
  • Language wars vs. C++ ... [6.4]
  • Not an efficient way to learn OO/C++ ... [26.3]
• Smart pointers ... [13.3], [16.20], [17.4]
• SO (Acronym) ... [5.1]
• Solaris ... [5.8]
• Sorting in C++ ... [5.3]
• Source filename extensions ... [25.7]
• Spanning Trees in C++ ... [5.3]
• Specialization (see also Inheritance) ... [19.3]
• Stack unwinding during exception handling ... [11.13], [17.3]
• Standard headers ... [25.4]
• Standardization issues ... [5.8], [6.11], [6.12], [27.1]
• Static
  • Common linker errors due to static data members ... [10.10]
  • Define static data members explicitly ... [10.9], [10.10]
  • Initialization order fiasco ... [10.11], [10.12], [10.13]
  • Named Constructor Idiom using static ... [10.8], [16.19], [16.22]
  • static at file-scope (Don't!) ... [7.5]
  • Static binding ... [20.2], [20.3]
  • static create() methods ... [10.8], [16.19], [16.22]
  • Static typing ... [20.2], [27.2], [27.3]
• Status bar with MFC ... [33.3]
• std::bad_alloc (see also Freestore) ... [16.5], [16.6]
• std::find_if ... [32.3]
• std::map<Key,Value> (see also STL) ... [31.2]
• std::set_new_handler (see also Freestore) ... [16.6]
• std::string: Better than char* ... [13.6], [17.5]
• std::vector<T> (see also STL) ... [10.5], [16.18], [21.4], [21.5], [31.1], [32.3]
• stdio.h (see "cstdio header") ... [15.1]
• STL ... [32.3]
  • Access to on-line help ... [32.4]
  • FTP sites ... [32.2]
  • std::map<Key,Value> ... [31.2]
  • std::vector<T> ... [10.5], [16.18], [21.4], [21.5], [31.1], [32.3]
• Striding the cache (see Cache Misses) ... [13.9]
• string (see also std::string) ... [13.6]
• stringstream ... [15.12], [15.13]
• struct ... [7.1], [7.8]
• Style guidelines (see Coding standards) ... [25]
• Subclass
  • Derived classes that aren't subtypes ... [27.5]
  • See also Derived classes ... [19.3]
• Subject: line of a posting (see also Netiquette) ... [5.6]
• Submarines, Nuclear ... [21.2]
• Subscript operator for Matrix ... [13.8], [13.9]
• Substitutability ... [21.3], [21.4], [21.6], [21.7], [21.8], [21.9]
• Subtypes that aren't derived classes ... [27.5]
• Superclass (see also Inheritance) ... [19.3]
• Syntactic sugar ... [13.1]

"T" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• .tar.gz (see Downloading) ... [2.2], [2.3], [2.4]
• .tar.Z (see Downloading) ... [2.2], [2.3], [2.4]
• Templates ... [31]
  • Basics of templates ... [31.5]
  • Class template is a family of classes ... [31.7]
  • Forward declarations ... [34.12]
  • Function template is a family of functions ... [31.6]
  • Genericity ... [31.9]
  • Multi-dimensional arrays ... [16.17]
  • Parameterized types ... [31.8]
• terminate() ... [17.3]
• Ternary operator: ?: ... [25.5]
• TeX macros for "C++" ... [35.1]
• tgrind (see Pretty printing) ... [35.2]
• This document (see also C++ FAQ Lite) ... [3]
• this used in constructors ... [10.7]
• throw ... [16.5], [16.6]
• To-the-power-of operator** (Can't!) ... [13.7]
• Todd Hoff's coding guidelines (see also Coding standards) ... [25.11]
• ## = token pasting ... [34.3]
• Token pasting via ## ... [34.3]
• Trademarks ... [1.5]
• Training ... [6.6]
• Transitivity ... [14.4]
• Type safety
  • Comparison with Smalltalk ... [27.2]
  • Const correctness ... [18.2]
  • Static vs. dynamic typing ... [20.2]
• typeid() ... [31.3]

"U" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Uncompiling executables back into C++ source code ... [33.4]
• Unix ... [5.8], [35.4]
• Unresolved external (see also Linker errors) ... [23.4]
• Usenet newsgroups (see also Newsgroups) ... [5.8]

"V" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• v-pointer (see also virtual) ... [20.3], [33.8]
• v-table (see also virtual) ... [20.3], [21.4], [23.4], [33.8]
• Value semantics ... [28], [28.7], [28.8]
• vector<T> (see also std::vector<T>) ... [10.5], [16.18], [21.4], [21.5], [31.1], [32.3]
• Version numbers to the "language" ... [33.11]
• virtual
  • Binary compatibility of virtual functions ... [33.8]
  • Calling virtual functions from constructors ... [23.1]
  • Calling virtual functions from destructors ... [23.1]
  • Inlining virtual functions ... [28.5], [28.6]
  • Pure virtual functions ... [22.3], [22.4]
  • Redefining non-virtual member functions ... [23.2]
  • v-pointer (virtual pointer) ... [20.3], [33.8]
  • v-table (virtual table) ... [20.3], [21.4], [23.4], [33.8]
  • Virtual Constructor Idiom ... [16.22], [20.5], [22.5]
  • virtual data ... [28.2], [28.3]
  • virtual destructor coding standard ... [20.4], [25.9]
  • Virtual Friend Function Idiom ... [14.3], [15.9]
  • virtual functions ... [20]
  • virtual functions are central to OO ... [6.8]
  • virtual functions let old code call new code ... [6.9]
  • virtual functions, purpose of ... [20.1]
  • virtual inheritance ... [11.12], [29.8], [29.9], [33.8], [33.11]
• Visual Basic vs. C++ ... [6.4]
• Visual C++
  • FAQ ... [33.2]

"W" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Wars ... [25.1]
• WWW sites of this document ... [2.1]

"X" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• X3 Secretariat ... [6.12]

"Y" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• Yaccable grammar ... [33.10]

"Z" [ Top | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bottom]

• .zip (see Downloading) ... [2.2], [2.3], [2.4]
• Zombie objects ... [17.2]

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Revised Jul 10, 2000